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Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 54-61 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0493-4

摘要： A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash (CFA) was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%–62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits.

关键词： coal fly ash (CFA)     seawater salinity     zeolite synthesis    

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Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1616-1

摘要：

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”.

关键词： Desalination     Potable water reuse     Ion-exchange membrane     Salinity gradient energy     Wastewater discharge    

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Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1660-x

摘要：

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%.

关键词： Elevated salinity     Activated sludge system     Pollution removal     Microbial interactions     Competitive relationship    

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 764-773 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2114-2

摘要： Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases. However, the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application. Herein, we report an especially designed multistage-batch (two/three-stage-batch) BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid (Vacid), base (Vbase), and salt compartments (Vsalt). The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the three-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:2. Besides, the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process. With the two-stage-batch BMED, the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L–1, which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED. The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable, cost-effective, and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis     multistage-batch     base production     high-salinity wastewater    

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Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0726-y

摘要： Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible “struggle,” and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa. The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time. A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental (ANE) model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force, ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible. The effects of roundness error, environmental pressure, and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model. The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established, and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data. Results of the comparison show good agreement, and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3% when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa. Finally, the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device. The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment. Thus, the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves.

关键词： seawater balance valve     sealing performance     hybrid ANE model     FEM     minimum sealing force equation    

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Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1347-1357 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0780-2

摘要： Noncorrosive reinforcement materials facilitate producing structural concrete with seawater and sea sand. This study investigated the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete (SSC), considering the curing age (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 150 d) and strength grade (C30, C40, and C60). The compressive behavior of SSC was obtained by compressive tests and digital image correction (DIC) technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods were applied to understand the microstructure and hydration products of cement in SSC. Results revealed a 30% decrease in compressive strength for C30 and C40 SSC from 60 to 150 d, and a less than 5% decrease for C60 from 28 to 150 d. DIC results revealed significant cracking and crushing from 80% to 100% of compressive strength. SEM images showed a more compact microstructure in higher strength SSC. XRD patterns identified Friedel’s salt phase due to the chlorides brought by seawater and sea sand. The findings in this study can provide more insights into the microstructure of SSC along with its short- and long-term compressive behavior.

关键词： seawater and sea sand concrete     compressive strength     strain field     microstructure     hydration products    

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A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1295-0

摘要： Abstract • Capacitive biochar was produced from sewage sludge. • Seawater was proved to be an alternative activation agent. • Minerals vaporization increased the surface area of biochar. • Molten salts acted as natural templates for the development of porous structure. Sewage sludge is a potential precursor for biochar production, but its effective utilization involves costly activation steps. To modify biochar properties while ensuring cost-effectiveness, we examined the feasibility of using seawater as an agent to activate biochar produced from sewage sludge. In our proof-of-concept study, seawater was proven to be an effective activation agent for biochar production, achieving a surface area of 480.3 m2/g with hierarchical porosity distribution. Benefited from our design, the catalytic effect of seawater increased not only the surface area but also the graphitization degree of biochar when comparing the pyrolysis of sewage sludge without seawater. This leads to seawater activated biochar electrodes with lower resistance, higher capacitance of 113.9 F/g comparing with control groups without seawater. Leveraging the global increase in the salinity of groundwater, especially in coastal areas, these findings provide an opportunity for recovering a valuable carbon resource from sludge.

关键词： Sewage sludge     Biochar     Seawater     Recourse recovery     Capacitor    

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Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic

Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0888-0

摘要： Various salinities affected the PAH-biodegrading community structure. Various salinities affected the growth of strains with different salt tolerance. The two genes belonged to a new divergent cluster of the known -like genes. The two main genes had correlations with the phenanthrene degradation. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of salinity on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation, community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene ( ) diversity of a halophilic bacterial consortium with the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. The consortium was developed from oil-contaminated saline soil after enrichment for six times, using phenanthrene as the substrate. The prominent species in the bacterial consortium at all salinities were identified as halophilic bacteria , , , , and uncultured bacteria. The predominant microbes gradually changed associating with the saline concentration fluctuations ranging from 0.1% to 25% (w/v). Two alpha subunits were dominant at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while not been clearly detected at 25% salinity. Consistently, the biodegradation occurred at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while no at 25% salinity, suggesting the two genes played an important role in the degradation. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both of the two alpha subunits were related to the classic -like gene from AN10 and PaK1, while one with identity of about 82% and the other one with identity of 90% at amino acid sequence level. We concluded that salinity greatly affected halophilic bacterial community structure and also the functional genes which were more related to biodegradation.

关键词： Phenanthrene     Halophilic bacteria     Gene diversity     Naphthalene dioxygenase genes    

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An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1408-1426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2102-6

摘要： In comparison to pure water, seawater is widely accepted as an unlimited resource. The direct seawater splitting is economical and eco-friendly, but the key challenges in seawater, especially the chlorine-related competing reactions at the anode, seriously hamper its practical application. The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting has emerged as a promising strategy. Highly efficient electrocatalysts with improved selectivity and stability are of significance in preventing the interference of side reactions and resisting various impurities. This review first discusses the macroscopic understanding of direct seawater electrolysis and then focuses on the strategies for rational design of electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting. The perspectives of improved electrocatalysts to solve emerging challenges and further development of direct seawater splitting are also provided.

关键词： seawater splitting     electrocatalysts     oxygen evolution reaction     hydrogen evolution reaction     chlorine chemistry    

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strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

摘要： The electrocatalyst NiFeRuOx/NF, comprised of NiFeRuOx nanosheets grown on Ni foam, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing. NiFeRuOx/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting: 98 mV@ 10 mA∙cm−2 in hydrogen evolution reaction, 318 mV@ 50 mA∙cm−2 in oxygen evolution reaction, and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@ 10 mA∙cm−2, as well as 20 h of durability. A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuOx/NF has an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency. The NiFeRuOx coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

关键词： NiFeRuOx nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven system    

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要： Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词： water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

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海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第11期   页码 37-41

摘要：

海水淡化是解决水源危机的根本措施，但海水淡化绝不能以牺牲能源为代价；现有的几种海水淡化技术各有优劣，应配套使用；河海大学和南京玻纤院等研制的太阳能加热装置，可以作为海水淡化装置中清洁、无污染的能源。

关键词： 海水淡化     太阳能     定日镜     能源     水源    

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Performance of activated carbon coated graphite bipolar electrodes on capacitive deionization method for salinity

Hossein D. Atoufi, Hasti Hasheminejad, David J. Lampert

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1278-1

摘要： Abstract • Graphite bipolar electrodes act as an appropriate bed for the CDI process. • Activated carbon Coating improves the application of the electrodes. • CDI is an environmentally friendly method to apply for brackish water. • Initial concentration is the most important parameter in the CDI method. • CDI process in a batch-mode setup needs more development. This research investigates a capacitive deionization method for salinity reduction in a batch reactor as a new approach for desalination. Reductions of cost and energy compared with conventional desalination methods are the significant advantages of this approach. In this research, experiments were performed with a pair of graphite bipolar electrodes that were coated with a one-gram activated carbon solution. After completing preliminary tests, the impacts of four parameters on electrical conductivity reduction, including (1) the initial concentration of feed solution, (2) the duration of the tests, (3) the applied voltage, and (4) the pH of the solution, were examined. The results show that the maximum efficiency of electrical conductivity reduction in this laboratory-scale reactor is about 55%. Furthermore, the effects of the initial concentration of feed solution are more significant than the other parameters. Thus, using the capacitive deionization method for water desalination with low and moderate salt concentrations (i.e., brackish water) is proposed as an affordable method. Compared with conventional desalination methods, capacitive deionization is not only more efficient but also potentially more environmentally friendly.

关键词： Capacitive deionization (CDI)     Desalination     Electrical conductivity (EC)     Graphite bipolar electrode     Activated carbon coated (ACC)    

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heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium TJPU05 suitable for nitrogen removal from high-salinity

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1503-6

摘要：

• H. venusta TJPU05 showed excellent HN-AD ability at high salinity.

关键词： Salt-tolerant bacteria     H. venusta TJPU05     Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification     High-salinity wastewater    

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Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1185-5

摘要： Mesoporous silica nanoparticle was modified with 4-triethoxysilylaniline. AMSN-based TFN-RO membranes were prepared for seawater desalination. Water transport capability of the AMSN was limited by polyamide. Polyamide still plays a key role in permeability of the TFN RO membranes. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), with higher water permeability than NaA zeolite, were used to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, only aminoalkyl-modified MSN and low-pressure (less than 2.1 MPa) RO membrane were investigated. In this study, aminophenyl-modified MSN (AMSN) were synthesized and used to fabricate high-pressure (5.52 MPa) RO membranes. With the increasing of AMSN dosage, the crosslinking degree of the aromatic polyamide decreased, while the hydrophilicity of the membranes increased. The membrane morphology was maintained to show a ridge-and-valley structure, with only a slight increase in membrane surface roughness. At the optimum conditions (AMSN dosage of 0.25 g/L), when compared with the pure polyamide RO membrane, the water flux of the TFN RO membrane (55.67 L/m2/h) was increased by about 21.6%, while NaCl rejection (98.97%) was slightly decreased by only 0.29%. However, the water flux of the membranes was much lower than expected. We considered that the enhancement of RO membrane permeability is attributed to the reduction of the effective thickness of the PA layer.

关键词： Thin film nanocomposite membrane     Reverse osmosis     Seawater desalination     Aminophenyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

期刊论文

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

期刊论文

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

期刊论文

Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

期刊论文

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

期刊论文

Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

期刊论文

A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

期刊论文

Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic

Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang

期刊论文

An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

期刊论文

strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

期刊论文

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

期刊论文

海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

期刊论文

Performance of activated carbon coated graphite bipolar electrodes on capacitive deionization method for salinity

Hossein D. Atoufi, Hasti Hasheminejad, David J. Lampert

期刊论文

heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium TJPU05 suitable for nitrogen removal from high-salinity

期刊论文

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

期刊论文